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<title>ScienceDirect</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ScienceDirect</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">ScienceDirect</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Producer</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><a href="Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">March 12, 1997<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1997-03-12</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Access</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cost</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><a href="Subscription_business_model" title="Subscription business model">Subscription</a> and open access</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Coverage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disciplines</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Science</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Record depth</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Index, abstract & full-text</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format coverage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Books, journals</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geospatial coverage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencedirect.com">sciencedirect<wbr>.com</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>ScienceDirect</b> is a searchable web-based <a href="Bibliographic_database" title="Bibliographic database">bibliographic database</a>, which provides access to full texts of <a href="Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">scientific</a> and <a href="Medical_literature" title="Medical literature">medical publications</a> of the Dutch publisher <a href="Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> as well of several small <a href="Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">academic publishers</a>. It hosts over 18 million <a href="Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Publications">publications</a> from more than 4,000 <a href="Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journals</a> and 30,000 <a href="E-books" class="mw-redirect" title="E-books">e-books</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The access to the full-text requires subscription, while the bibliographic <a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> are free to read. ScienceDirect was launched by Elsevier in March 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>

<p>The journals are grouped into four main sections:

</p>

<ul><li><i><a href="Physical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Sciences">Physical Sciences</a> and <a href="Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Life_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Sciences">Life Sciences</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Health_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Sciences">Health Sciences</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Social_science" title="Social science">Social Sciences</a> and <a href="Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></i>.</li></ul>

<p><a href="Abstract_(summary)" title="Abstract (summary)">Article abstracts</a> are freely available, and access to their full texts (in <a href="PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> and, for newer publications, also <a href="HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>) generally requires a subscription or <a href="Pay-per-view" title="Pay-per-view">pay-per-view</a> purchase unless the content is freely available in open access.

</p><p>Papers published under several <a href="Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> licenses are available on ScienceDirect without cost. Access to the full-text pdfs of non-open access publications require either a subscription (to the specific journal rather than to the whole database) or per-article/book payment. Subscriptions to the overall content hosted on ScienceDirect, rather than to specific titles, are usually acquired through what is called a <a href="Big_deal_(subscription_model)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big deal (subscription model)">big deal</a>. The other <a href="Big_Five_(publishers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Five (publishers)">big five publishers</a> have similar offers.

</p><p>ScienceDirect also competes for audience with other large <a href="Search_aggregator" title="Search aggregator">aggregators</a> and hosts of <a href="Scholarly_communication" title="Scholarly communication">scholarly communication</a> content such as academic social network <a href="ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a> and <a href="Open_access_repository" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access repository">open access repository</a> <a href="ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>, as well as with fully <a href="Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> publishing venues and <a href="Mega_journal" title="Mega journal">mega journals</a> like <a href="PLOS" title="PLOS">PLOS</a>.

</p><p>ScienceDirect also carries <i><a href="Cell_(journal)" title="Cell (journal)">Cell</a></i>.

</p><p>The search and bibliographic export options of ScienceDirect are very limited. For better search capabilities Elsevier provides via internet a <a href="Paywall" title="Paywall">paid-access</a> database <a href="Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a>.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">List of academic databases and search engines</a></li>

<li><a href="Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whois.domaintools.com/sciencedirect.com">"ScienceDirect.com WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools"</a>. <i><a href="WHOIS" title="WHOIS">WHOIS</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/">"ScienceDirect"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFReller" class="citation web cs1">Reller, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319005511/http://www.relxgroup.com:80/investorcentre/reports%202007/Documents/2014/relxgroup_ar_2014.pdf">"2014 RELX Annual Reports and Financial Statements"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>RELX Group</i>. <a href="RELX_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="RELX Group">RELX Group</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.relxgroup.com/investorcentre/reports%202007/Documents/2014/relxgroup_ar_2014.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGiussani,_Bruno1997" class="citation web cs1">Giussani, Bruno (4 March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://partners.nytimes.com/library/cyber/euro/030497euro.html">"Building the World's Largest Scientific Database"</a>. <i><a href="New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBoukacem-ZeghmouriBadorLafougeProst2016" class="citation journal cs1">Boukacem-Zeghmouri, Chérifa; Bador, Pascal; Lafouge, Thierry; Prost, Hélène (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01272124/file/Article-ROI_Boukacem_Scientometrics2015%20corrected%20complet-1.pdf">"Relationships between consumption, publication and impact in French universities in a value perspective: A bibliometric analysis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Scientometrics</i>. <b>106</b>: <span class="nowrap">263–</span>280. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11192-015-1779-z">10.1007/s11192-015-1779-z</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8897085">8897085</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFEmraniMoradi-SalariJamali2013" class="citation web cs1">Emrani, Ebrahim; Moradi-Salari, A.; Jamali, Hamid R. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.rclis.org/19670/">"Usage data, e-journal selection and negotiations: Iranian consortium experience"</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10760%2F19670">10760/19670</a></span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFGies2018" class="citation journal cs1">Gies, Ted (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fleap.1142">"The Science <i>Direct</i> accessibility journey: A case study"</a>. <i>Learned Publishing</i>. <b>31</b>: <span class="nowrap">69–</span>76. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fleap.1142">10.1002/leap.1142</a></span>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencedirect.com">Official website</a></span></span> </li></ul>

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</style><div id="RELX168" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="RELX" title="RELX">RELX</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">Imprints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a></li>

<li><a href="Butterworth-Heinemann" title="Butterworth-Heinemann">Butterworth-Heinemann</a></li>

<li><a href="Cell_Press" title="Cell Press">Cell Press</a></li>

<li><a href="Churchill_Livingstone" title="Churchill Livingstone">Churchill Livingstone</a></li>

<li><a href="Masson_(publisher)" title="Masson (publisher)">Masson</a></li>

<li><a href="Medicine_Publishing" title="Medicine Publishing">Medicine Publishing</a></li>

<li><a href="Morgan_Kaufmann_Publishers" title="Morgan Kaufmann Publishers">Morgan Kaufmann Publishers</a></li>

<li><a href="Mosby_(imprint)" title="Mosby (imprint)">Mosby</a></li>

<li><a href="Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon</a></li>

<li><a href="Saunders_(imprint)" title="Saunders (imprint)">Saunders</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Andrew_(publisher)" title="William Andrew (publisher)">William Andrew</a></li>

<li><a href="Woodhead_Publishing" title="Woodhead Publishing">Woodhead Publishing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected<br>journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Biochimica_et_Biophysica_Acta" title="Biochimica et Biophysica Acta">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Current_Opinion_(Elsevier)" title="Current Opinion (Elsevier)">Current Opinion</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Journal_of_Allergy_and_Clinical_Immunology" title="The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology">The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Tetrahedron_(journal)" title="Tetrahedron (journal)">Tetrahedron</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Trends_(journals)" title="Trends (journals)">Trends</a></i></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Elsevier_periodicals" title="List of Elsevier periodicals">List of Elsevier periodicals</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bepress" title="Bepress">Bepress</a></li>

<li><a href="Ei_Compendex" title="Ei Compendex">Ei Compendex</a></li>

<li><a href="Embase" title="Embase">Embase</a></li>

<li><a href="GEOBASE" title="GEOBASE">GEOBASE</a></li>

<li><a href="Mendeley" title="Mendeley">Mendeley</a></li>

<li><a href="Reaxys" title="Reaxys">Reaxys</a></li>

<li><a href="Scirus" title="Scirus">Scirus</a> (defunct)</li>

<li><a href="Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">LexisNexis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal and Professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CaseMap" title="CaseMap">CaseMap</a></li>

<li><a href="Martindale-Hubbell" title="Martindale-Hubbell">Martindale-Hubbell</a></li>

<li><a href="Quicklaw" title="Quicklaw">Quicklaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Shepard's_Citations" title="Shepard's Citations">Shepard's Citations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Risk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Estates_Gazette" title="Estates Gazette">Estates Gazette</a></i></li>

<li><a href="LexisNexis_Risk_Solutions" title="LexisNexis Risk Solutions">LexisNexis Risk Solutions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Reed_Exhibitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed Exhibitions">RX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business<br>conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arabian_Travel_Market" title="Arabian Travel Market">Arabian Travel Market</a></li>

<li><a href="Equitana" title="Equitana">Equitana</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Gaming_Expo" title="Global Gaming Expo">Global Gaming Expo</a></li>

<li><a href="London_Book_Fair" title="London Book Fair">London Book Fair</a></li>

<li><a href="MIPCOM" title="MIPCOM">MIPCOM</a></li>

<li><a href="MIPTV_Media_Market" title="MIPTV Media Market">MIPTV Media Market</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Hardware_Show" title="National Hardware Show">National Hardware Show</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ReedPop</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chicago_Comic_%26_Entertainment_Expo" title="Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo">Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo</a></li>

<li><a href="Emerald_City_Comic_Con" title="Emerald City Comic Con">Emerald City Comic Con</a></li>

<li><a href="Florida_Supercon" title="Florida Supercon">Florida Supercon</a></li>

<li><a href="MCM_London_Comic_Con" class="mw-redirect" title="MCM London Comic Con">MCM London Comic Con</a></li>

<li><a href="New_York_Comic_Con" title="New York Comic Con">New York Comic Con</a></li>

<li><a href="Star_Wars_Celebration" title="Star Wars Celebration">Star Wars Celebration</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2571518#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1885" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2571518#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1885" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000096271075">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/142165375">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ScienceDirect (Online service)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QH7JmqJWkXTTRR3Jp46xXM6">WorldCat</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no00037061">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ScienceDirect (online služba)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ntk20191055713&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ScienceDirect (Online service)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/10040755">Norway</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ScienceDirect"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4044880">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007445518505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/daef515c-ee7e-4399-80b8-54c9faa7072b">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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